SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Container Linux</title>

</head>

Container Linux

</h1>

</header>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"CoreOS" redirects here. For its successor, Fedora CoreOS, see <a href="Fedora_Linux" title="Fedora Linux">Fedora Linux</a>.</div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #e0e0e0;">Container Linux</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer</a></th><td class="infobox-data">CoreOS team, <a href="Red_Hat" title="Red Hat">Red Hat</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">OS family</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> (based on <a href="Gentoo_Linux" title="Gentoo Linux">Gentoo Linux</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Working state</th><td class="infobox-data">Discontinued<a href="#cite_note-eol-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Source model</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">Open source</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">October 3, 2013 (2013-10-03)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Latest release</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2512.3.0<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> / May 22, 2020 (2020-05-22)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Latest preview</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2513.2.0<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a>(Beta) / May 22, 2020 (2020-05-22) 2514.1.0<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a>(Alpha) / May 22, 2020 (2020-05-22)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/coreos">github.com/coreos</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Marketing target</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">Servers</a> and <a href="Computer_cluster" title="Computer cluster">clusters</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Supported platforms</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a><a href="#cite_note-theplatform-201502-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Kernel_(operating_system)" title="Kernel (operating system)">Kernel</a> type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Monolithic_kernel" title="Monolithic kernel">Monolithic</a> (<a href="Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Apache_License_2.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache License 2.0">Apache License 2.0</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-license-etcd-8">[8]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Fedora CoreOS RHEL CoreOS Flatcar Container Linux</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Official website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fedoraproject.org/coreos/">fedoraproject.org/coreos/</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

Container Linux (formerly CoreOS Linux) is a discontinued <a href="Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source</a> lightweight <a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> based on the <a href="Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a> and designed for providing infrastructure for <a href="Computer_cluster" title="Computer cluster">clustered</a> deployments. One of its focuses was <a href="Scalability" title="Scalability">scalability</a>. As an operating system, Container Linux provided only the minimal functionality required for deploying applications inside <a href="Software_container" class="mw-redirect" title="Software container">software containers</a>, together with built-in mechanisms for <a href="Service_discovery" title="Service discovery">service discovery</a> and configuration sharing.<a href="#cite_note-container-linux-rename-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-linux.com-737364-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-wired-201308-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-itnews2day-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-coreos-using-13">[13]</a>

Container Linux shares foundations with <a href="Gentoo_Linux" title="Gentoo Linux">Gentoo Linux</a>,<a href="#cite_note-coreos-sdk-building-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-gentoo-based-15">[15]</a> <a href="ChromeOS" title="ChromeOS">ChromeOS</a>, and <a href="ChromiumOS" title="ChromiumOS">ChromiumOS</a> through a common <a href="Software_development_kit" title="Software development kit">software development kit</a> (SDK). Container Linux adds new functionality and customization to this shared foundation to support server hardware and use cases.<a href="#cite_note-itnews2day-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a>: 7:02 CoreOS was developed primarily by Alex Polvi, Brandon Philips, and Michael Marineau,<a href="#cite_note-wired-201308-11">[11]</a> with its major features available as a <a href="Stable_release" class="mw-redirect" title="Stable release">stable release</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a>

The CoreOS team announced the <a href="End-of-life_(product)" class="mw-redirect" title="End-of-life (product)">end-of-life</a> for Container Linux on May 26, 2020,<a href="#cite_note-eol-1">[1]</a> offering <a href="Fedora_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fedora (operating system)">Fedora CoreOS</a>,<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> and <a href="Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux" title="Red Hat Enterprise Linux">RHEL</a> CoreOS as its replacement.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2></div>

Container Linux provides no <a href="Package_manager" title="Package manager">package manager</a> as a way for distributing payload applications, requiring instead all applications to run inside their containers. Serving as a single control host, a Container Linux instance uses the underlying <a href="Operating-system-level_virtualization" class="mw-redirect" title="Operating-system-level virtualization">operating-system-level virtualization</a> features of the Linux kernel to create and configure multiple containers that perform as isolated <a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> systems. That way, <a href="Resource_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resource (computer science)">resource</a> partitioning between containers is performed through multiple isolated <a href="Userspace" class="mw-redirect" title="Userspace">userspace</a> instances, instead of using a <a href="Hypervisor" title="Hypervisor">hypervisor</a> and providing full-fledged <a href="Virtual_machine" title="Virtual machine">virtual machines</a>. This approach relies on the Linux kernel's <a href="Cgroups" title="Cgroups">cgroups</a> and <a href="Linux_namespaces" title="Linux namespaces">namespaces</a> functionalities,<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> which together provide abilities to limit, account and isolate resource usage (<a href="CPU" class="mw-redirect" title="CPU">CPU</a>, memory, disk <a href="I/O" class="mw-redirect" title="I/O">I/O</a>, etc.) for the collections of userspace <a href="Process_(computing)" title="Process (computing)">processes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-linux.com-737364-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-coreos-using-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-coreos-containers-23">[23]</a>

Initially, Container Linux exclusively used <a href="Docker_(software)" title="Docker (software)">Docker</a> as a component providing an additional layer of abstraction and <a href="Interface_(computing)" title="Interface (computing)">interface</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> to the operating-system-level virtualization features of the Linux kernel, as well as providing a standardized format for containers that allows applications to run in different environments.<a href="#cite_note-linux.com-737364-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-coreos-containers-23">[23]</a> In December 2014, CoreOS released and started to support rkt (initially released as Rocket) as an alternative to Docker, providing through it another standardized format of the application-container images, the related definition of the container <a href="Runtime_environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Runtime environment">runtime environment</a>, and a <a href="Communications_protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications protocol">protocol</a> for discovering and retrieving container images.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-lwn-631630-28">[28]</a> CoreOS provides rkt as an implementation of the so-called app container (appc) specification that describes the required properties of the application container image (ACI). CoreOS created appc and ACI as an independent committee-steered set of specifications<a href="#cite_note-lwn-644089-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> aimed to become part of the vendor- and operating-system-independent Open Container Initiative, or OCI, initially named the Open Container Project (OCP)

containerization standard,<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> which was announced by a group of large tech companies in June 2015.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a>

Container Linux uses <a href="Ebuild" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebuild">ebuild</a> scripts from Gentoo Linux for automated <a href="Compiler" title="Compiler">compilation</a> of its system components,<a href="#cite_note-coreos-sdk-building-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-gentoo-based-15">[15]</a> and uses <a href="Systemd" title="Systemd">systemd</a> as its primary <a href="Init" title="Init">init</a> system, with tight integration between systemd and various Container Linux's internal mechanisms.<a href="#cite_note-linux.com-737364-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Updates_distribution">Updates distribution</h3></div>

Container Linux achieves additional security and reliability of its operating system <a href="Software_update" title="Software update">updates</a> by employing FastPatch as a dual-partition scheme for the read-only part of its installation, meaning that the updates are performed as a whole and installed onto a passive secondary boot <a href="Disk_partition" class="mw-redirect" title="Disk partition">partition</a> that becomes active upon a reboot or <a href="Kexec" title="Kexec">kexec</a>. This approach avoids possible issues arising from updating only certain parts of the operating system, ensures easy rollbacks to a known-to-be-stable version of the operating system, and allows each boot partition to be <a href="Digital_signature" title="Digital signature">signed</a> for additional security.<a href="#cite_note-linux.com-737364-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-coreos-using-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-coreos-updates-36">[36]</a> The root partition and its <a href="Root_file_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Root file system">root file system</a> are automatically resized to fill all available disk-space upon reboots; while the root partition provides read-write storage space, the operating system itself is <a href="Mount_(computing)" title="Mount (computing)">mounted</a> read-only under <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>/usr.<a href="#cite_note-activestate-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a>

To ensure that only a certain part of the <a href="Computer_cluster" title="Computer cluster">cluster</a> reboots at once when the operating system updates are applied, preserving the resources required for running deployed applications, CoreOS provides locksmith as a <a href="Reboot_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reboot (computing)">reboot</a> manager for Container Linux.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Using locksmith, one can select between different update strategies that are determined by how the reboots are performed as the last step in applying updates; for example, one can configure how many cluster members are allowed to reboot simultaneously. Internally, locksmith operates as the locksmithd <a href="Daemon_(computing)" title="Daemon (computing)">daemon</a> that runs on cluster members, while the locksmithctl <a href="Command-line_utility" class="mw-redirect" title="Command-line utility">command-line utility</a> manages configuration parameters.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Locksmith is written in the <a href="Go_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Go language">Go language</a> and distributed under the terms of the <a href="Apache_License_2.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache License 2.0">Apache License 2.0</a>.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a>

The updates distribution system employed by Container Linux is based on <a href="Google" title="Google">Google</a>'s open-source Omaha project, which provides a mechanism for rolling out updates and the underlying <a href="Request%E2%80%93response" title="Request–response">request–response</a> protocol based on <a href="XML" title="XML">XML</a>.<a href="#cite_note-theplatform-201502-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Additionally, CoreOS provides CoreUpdate as a web-based <a href="Dashboard_(management_information_systems)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dashboard (management information systems)">dashboard</a> for the management of cluster-wide updates. Operations available through CoreUpdate include assigning cluster members to different groups that share customized update policies, reviewing cluster-wide breakdowns of Container Linux versions, stopping and restarting updates, and reviewing recorded update logs. CoreUpdate also provides an <a href="HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a>-based <a href="API" title="API">API</a> that allows its integration into third-party utilities or <a href="Deployment_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Deployment system">deployment systems</a>.<a href="#cite_note-coreos-updates-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cluster_infrastructure">Cluster infrastructure</h3></div>

Container Linux provides etcd, a daemon that runs across all computers in a cluster and provides a dynamic configuration registry, allowing various configuration data to be easily and reliably shared between the cluster members.<a href="#cite_note-theplatform-201502-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-activestate-37">[37]</a> Since the <a href="Key%E2%80%93value_data" class="mw-redirect" title="Key–value data">key–value data</a> stored within etcd is automatically <a href="Distributed_computing" title="Distributed computing">distributed</a> and <a href="Replication_(computing)" title="Replication (computing)">replicated</a> with automated <a href="Master_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Master election">master election</a> and <a href="Consensus_(computer_science)" title="Consensus (computer science)">consensus</a> establishment using the <a href="Raft_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Raft (computer science)">Raft</a> algorithm, all changes in stored data are reflected across the entire cluster, while the achieved <a href="Redundancy_(engineering)" title="Redundancy (engineering)">redundancy</a> prevents failures of single cluster members from causing data loss.<a href="#cite_note-lwn-631630-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-lwn-617452-49">[49]</a> Beside the configuration management, etcd also provides <a href="Service_discovery" title="Service discovery">service discovery</a> by allowing deployed applications to announce themselves and the services they offer. Communication with etcd is performed through an exposed <a href="REST" title="REST">REST</a>-based API, which internally uses <a href="JSON" title="JSON">JSON</a> on top of HTTP; the API may be used directly (through <a href="CURL" title="CURL">curl</a> or <a href="Wget" title="Wget">wget</a>, for example), or indirectly through etcdctl, which is a specialized command-line utility also supplied by CoreOS.<a href="#cite_note-linux.com-737364-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-coreos-using-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> etcd is also used in <a href="Kubernetes" title="Kubernetes">Kubernetes</a> software.

Container Linux also provides the fleet cluster manager, which controls Container Linux's separate systemd instances at the cluster level. As of 2017, "fleet" is no longer actively developed and is deprecated in favor of Kubernetes.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> By using fleetd, Container Linux creates a distributed <a href="Init" title="Init">init system</a> that ties together separate systemd instances and a cluster-wide etcd deployment;<a href="#cite_note-lwn-617452-49">[49]</a> internally, fleetd daemon communicates with local systemd instances over <a href="D-Bus" title="D-Bus">D-Bus</a>, and with the etcd deployment through its exposed API. Using fleetd allows the deployment of single or multiple <a href="Software_container" class="mw-redirect" title="Software container">containers</a> cluster-wide, with more advanced options including <a href="Redundancy_(engineering)" title="Redundancy (engineering)">redundancy</a>, <a href="Failover" title="Failover">failover</a>, deployment to specific cluster members, dependencies between containers, and grouped deployment of containers. A command-line utility called fleetctl is used to configure and monitor this distributed init system;<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> internally, it communicates with the fleetd daemon using a JSON-based API on top of HTTP, which may also be used directly. When used locally on a cluster member, fleetctl communicates with the local fleetd instance over a <a href="Unix_domain_socket" title="Unix domain socket">Unix domain socket</a>; when used from an external host, <a href="SSH_tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="SSH tunnel">SSH tunneling</a> is used with authentication provided through <a href="Public_SSH_key" class="mw-redirect" title="Public SSH key">public SSH keys</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a>

All of the above-mentioned daemons and command-line utilities (etcd, etcdctl, fleetd and fleetctl) are written in the Go language and distributed under the terms of the Apache License 2.0.<a href="#cite_note-license-etcd-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deployment">Deployment</h2></div>

When running on dedicated hardware, Container Linux can be either permanently installed on local storage, such as a <a href="Hard_disk_drive" title="Hard disk drive">hard disk drive</a> (HDD) or <a href="Solid-state_drive" title="Solid-state drive">solid-state drive</a> (SSD),<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> or booted remotely <a href="Network_booting" title="Network booting">over a network</a> using <a href="Preboot_Execution_Environment" title="Preboot Execution Environment">Preboot Execution Environment</a> (PXE) in general, or <a href="IPXE" title="IPXE">iPXE</a> as one of its implementations.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> CoreOS also supports deployments on various <a href="Hardware_virtualization" title="Hardware virtualization">hardware virtualization</a> platforms, including <a href="Amazon_Elastic_Compute_Cloud" title="Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud">Amazon EC2</a>, <a href="DigitalOcean" title="DigitalOcean">DigitalOcean</a>, <a href="Google_Compute_Engine" title="Google Compute Engine">Google Compute Engine</a>, <a href="Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Microsoft Azure</a>, <a href="OpenStack" title="OpenStack">OpenStack</a>, <a href="QEMU" title="QEMU">QEMU</a>/<a href="Kernel-based_Virtual_Machine" title="Kernel-based Virtual Machine">KVM</a>, <a href="Vagrant_(software)" title="Vagrant (software)">Vagrant</a> and <a href="VMware" title="VMware">VMware</a>.<a href="#cite_note-coreos-using-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Container Linux may also be installed on Citrix XenServer, noting that a "template" for CoreOS exists.

Container Linux can also be deployed through its commercial distribution called Tectonic, which additionally integrates Google's <a href="Kubernetes" title="Kubernetes">Kubernetes</a> as a cluster management utility. As of April 2015, Tectonic is planned to be offered as <a href="Beta_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta software">beta software</a> to select customers.<a href="#cite_note-lwn-644089-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Furthermore, CoreOS provides Flannel as a component, implementing an <a href="Overlay_network" title="Overlay network">overlay network</a> required primarily for the integration with Kubernetes.<a href="#cite_note-lwn-644089-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a>

As of February 2015, Container Linux supports only the <a href="X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> architecture.<a href="#cite_note-theplatform-201502-6">[6]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Derivatives">Derivatives</h2></div>

Following its acquisition of CoreOS, Inc.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> in January 2018, Red Hat announced<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> that it would be merging CoreOS Container Linux with Red Hat's Project Atomic to create a new operating system, Red Hat CoreOS, while aligning the upstream Fedora Project open source community around Fedora CoreOS, combining technologies from both predecessors.

On March 6, 2018, Kinvolk GmbH announced Flatcar Container Linux, a derivative of CoreOS Container Linux.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Flatcar tracks the upstream CoreOS alpha, beta, and stable channel releases, with an experimental Edge release channel added in May 2019.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2></div>

<a href="LWN.net" title="LWN.net">LWN.net</a> reviewed CoreOS in 2014:<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><blockquote class="templatequote">For those who are putting together large, distributed systems—web applications being a prime example—CoreOS would appear to have a lot of interesting functionality. It should allow applications of that type to grow and shrink as needed with demand, as well as provide a stable platform where upgrades are not a constant headache. For "massive server deployments", CoreOS, or something with many of the same characteristics, looks like the future.</blockquote>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>

<ul><li><a href="Application_virtualization" title="Application virtualization">Application virtualization</a> – software technology that encapsulates application software from the operating system on which it is executed</li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_application_virtualization_software" title="Comparison of application virtualization software">Comparison of application virtualization software</a> – various portable and scripting language virtual machines</li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_platform_virtualization_software" title="Comparison of platform virtualization software">Comparison of platform virtualization software</a> – various emulators and hypervisors, which emulate the whole physical computers</li>

<li><a href="LXC" title="LXC">LXC</a> (Linux Containers) – an environment for running multiple isolated Linux systems (containers) on a single Linux control host</li>

<li><a href="Operating-system-level_virtualization_implementations" class="mw-redirect" title="Operating-system-level virtualization implementations">Operating-system-level virtualization implementations</a> – based on operating system kernel's support for multiple isolated userspace instances</li>

<li><a href="Software_as_a_service" title="Software as a service">Software as a service</a> (SaaS) – a software licensing and delivery model that hosts the software centrally and licenses it on a subscription basis</li>

<li><a href="Virtualization" title="Virtualization">Virtualization</a> – a general concept of providing virtual versions of computer hardware platforms, operating systems, storage devices, etc.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coreos.com/os/eol/">"End-of-life announcement for CoreOS Container Linux"</a>. coreos.com. Retrieved August 16, 2020.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/coreos/manifest/releases/tag/v94.0.0">"coreos/manifest: Release v94.0.0 (Container Linux v94.0.0)"</a>. github.com. October 3, 2013. Retrieved September 22, 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111201601/https://coreos.com/releases/#2512.3.0">"CoreOS Container Linux Release Notes # Stable channel"</a>. coreos.com. May 22, 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coreos.com/releases/#2512.3.0">the original</a> on November 11, 2020. Retrieved May 22, 2020.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111201601/https://coreos.com/releases/#2513.2.0">"CoreOS Container Linux Release Notes # Beta channel"</a>. coreos.com. May 22, 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coreos.com/releases/#2513.2.0">the original</a> on November 11, 2020. Retrieved May 22, 2020.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111201601/https://coreos.com/releases/#2514.1.0">"CoreOS Container Linux Release Notes # Alpha channel"</a>. coreos.com. May 22, 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coreos.com/releases/#2514.1.0">the original</a> on November 11, 2020. Retrieved May 22, 2020.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-theplatform-201502-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-theplatform-201502_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-theplatform-201502_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-theplatform-201502_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-theplatform-201502_6-3">d</a> <cite id="CITEREFTimothy_Prickett_Morgan2015" class="citation web cs1">Timothy Prickett Morgan (February 15, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nextplatform.com/2015/02/25/coreos-hyperscales-linux-by-making-it-invisible/">"CoreOS Hyperscales Linux By Making It Invisible"</a>. nextplatform.com. Retrieved June 14, 2015.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140912161231/https://coreos.com/legal/pilot/">"CoreOS Pilot Agreement"</a>. coreos.com. March 13, 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coreos.com/legal/pilot/">the original</a> on September 12, 2014. Retrieved March 26, 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-license-etcd-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-license-etcd_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-license-etcd_8-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/coreos/etcd/blob/master/LICENSE">"coreos/etcd: etcd/LICENSE at master"</a>. github.com. July 31, 2013. Retrieved March 26, 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-container-linux-rename-9"><a href="#cite_ref-container-linux-rename_9-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coreos.com/blog/tectonic-self-driving.html#coreos-linux-is-now-container-linux">"CoreOS Linux is now Container Linux"</a>. coreos.com. Retrieved December 20, 2016.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-linux.com-737364-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-linux.com-737364_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-linux.com-737364_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-linux.com-737364_10-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-linux.com-737364_10-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-linux.com-737364_10-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-linux.com-737364_10-5">f</a> <cite id="CITEREFLibby_Clark2013" class="citation web cs1">Libby Clark (September 9, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222051301/http://www.linux.com/news/featured-blogs/200-libby-clark/737364-brandon-philips-how-the-coreos-linux-distro-uses-cgroups">"Brandon Philips: How the CoreOS Linux Distro Uses Cgroups"</a>. <a href="Linux.com" title="Linux.com">Linux.com</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.linux.com/news/featured-blogs/200-libby-clark/737364-brandon-philips-how-the-coreos-linux-distro-uses-cgroups">the original</a> on February 22, 2014. Retrieved February 13, 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-wired-201308-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wired-201308_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wired-201308_11-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFCade_Metz2013" class="citation magazine cs1">Cade Metz (August 21, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2013/08/coreos-the-new-linux/">"Linux Hackers Rebuild Internet From Silicon Valley Garage"</a>. <a href="Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a>. Retrieved February 13, 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-itnews2day-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-itnews2day_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-itnews2day_12-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129021412/http://itnews2day.com/2013/08/22/coreos-linux-based-server-systems/">"CoreOS – a new approach to Linux-based server systems"</a>. itnews2day.com. August 22, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://itnews2day.com/2013/08/22/coreos-linux-based-server-systems/">the original</a> on November 29, 2014. Retrieved March 26, 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-coreos-using-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-coreos-using_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-coreos-using_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-coreos-using_13-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-coreos-using_13-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-coreos-using_13-4">e</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140223040854/https://coreos.com/using-coreos/">"CoreOS documentation: Using CoreOS"</a>. coreos.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coreos.com/using-coreos/">the original</a> on February 23, 2014. Retrieved February 13, 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-coreos-sdk-building-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-coreos-sdk-building_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-coreos-sdk-building_14-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170714053215/https://coreos.com/os/docs/latest/sdk-building-development-images.html#updating-portage-stable-ebuilds-from-gentoo">"Building development images: Updating portage-stable ebuilds from Gentoo"</a>. coreos.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coreos.com/os/docs/latest/sdk-building-development-images.html#updating-portage-stable-ebuilds-from-gentoo">the original</a> on July 14, 2017. Retrieved May 24, 2016.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-gentoo-based-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gentoo-based_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gentoo-based_15-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Distributions_based_on_Gentoo">"Distributions based on Gentoo"</a>. gentoo.org. March 25, 2016. Retrieved May 24, 2016.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBrian_Harrington2014" class="citation web cs1">Brian Harrington (July 8, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JeICd9XyXfY&t=422">"CoreOS: Anatomy of a CoreOS update"</a>. youtube.com. Rackspace. Retrieved July 25, 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFAlex_Polvi2014" class="citation web cs1">Alex Polvi (July 25, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coreos.com/blog/stable-release/">"CoreOS Stable Release"</a>. coreos.com. Retrieved August 28, 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111201601/https://coreos.com/releases/">"CoreOS Release Notes"</a>. coreos.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coreos.com/releases/">the original</a> on November 11, 2020. Retrieved August 28, 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBrandon_Philips2015" class="citation web cs1">Brandon Philips (January 28, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coreos.com/blog/etcd-2.0-release-first-major-stable-release/">"etcd 2.0 Release – First Major Stable Release"</a>. coreos.com. Retrieved June 14, 2015.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora-coreos/">"Fedora CoreOS Documentation :: Fedora Docs Site"</a>. docs.fedoraproject.org. Retrieved August 16, 2020.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFJonathan_Corbet2007" class="citation web cs1">Jonathan Corbet (October 29, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lwn.net/Articles/256389/">"Notes from a container"</a>. <a href="LWN.net" title="LWN.net">LWN.net</a>. Retrieved July 3, 2016.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFJake_Edge2014" class="citation web cs1">Jake Edge (November 19, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lwn.net/Articles/621006/">"Control group namespaces"</a>. <a href="LWN.net" title="LWN.net">LWN.net</a>. Retrieved July 3, 2016.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-coreos-containers-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-coreos-containers_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-coreos-containers_23-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160804005603/https://coreos.com/using-coreos/containers/">"CoreOS documentation: Using Docker with CoreOS"</a>. coreos.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coreos.com/using-coreos/containers/">the original</a> on August 4, 2016. Retrieved June 14, 2015.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.docker.com/2014/03/docker-0-9-introducing-execution-drivers-and-libcontainer/">"Docker 0.9: Introducing execution drivers and libcontainer"</a>. docker.com. March 10, 2014. Retrieved January 20, 2015.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFLibby_Clark2015" class="citation web cs1">Libby Clark (January 30, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.linux.com/news/featured-blogs/200-libby-clark/806347-collaboration-summit-keynote-alex-polvi-coreos">"CoreOS Co-Founder Alex Polvi Talks Containers, Rocket vs. Docker, and More"</a>. <a href="Linux.com" title="Linux.com">Linux.com</a>. Retrieved June 14, 2015.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFCharles_Babcock2015" class="citation web cs1">Charles Babcock (February 20, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informationweek.com/cloud/infrastructure-as-a-service/rocket-containers-how-coreos-plans-to-challenge-docker/d/d-id/1319167">"Rocket Containers: How CoreOS Plans To Challenge Docker"</a>. informationweek.com. Retrieved June 14, 2015.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFAlex_Polvi2014" class="citation web cs1">Alex Polvi (December 1, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coreos.com/blog/rocket/">"CoreOS is building a container runtime, rkt"</a>. coreos.com. Retrieved June 14, 2015.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-lwn-631630-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lwn-631630_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lwn-631630_28-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFJosh_Berkus2015" class="citation web cs1">Josh Berkus (February 4, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lwn.net/Articles/631630/">"New etcd, appc, and Rocket releases from CoreOS"</a>. <a href="LWN.net" title="LWN.net">LWN.net</a>. Retrieved June 22, 2015.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-lwn-644089-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lwn-644089_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lwn-644089_29-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lwn-644089_29-2">c</a> <cite id="CITEREFJosh_Berkus2015" class="citation web cs1">Josh Berkus (May 13, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lwn.net/Articles/644089/">"CoreOS Fest and the world of containers, part 1"</a>. <a href="LWN.net" title="LWN.net">LWN.net</a>. Retrieved June 22, 2015.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFNathan_Willis2014" class="citation web cs1">Nathan Willis (December 3, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lwn.net/Articles/624349/">"The Rocket containerization system"</a>. <a href="LWN.net" title="LWN.net">LWN.net</a>. Retrieved June 22, 2015.</cite>

</li>

<cite id="CITEREFMcAllister2015" class="citation news cs1">McAllister, Neil (June 22, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/06/22/open_container_project/">"Docker and chums unveil standards org for software containers"</a>. Data Centre. The Register. Retrieved January 19, 2017. <q>Announced at the DockerCon conference in San Francisco on Monday, the Open Container Project (OCP) will maintain and develop a common container runtime and image format based in part on code and specs donated by Docker.</q></cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFFrederic_Lardinois2015" class="citation news cs1">Frederic Lardinois (June 22, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcrunch.com/2015/06/22/docker-coreos-google-microsoft-amazon-and-others-agree-to-develop-common-container-standard/">"Docker, CoreOS, Google, Microsoft, Amazon and others come together to develop common container standard"</a>. <a href="TechCrunch" title="TechCrunch">TechCrunch</a>. Retrieved June 24, 2015.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150813223334/https://www.opencontainers.org/pressrelease/">"Industry Leaders Unite to Create Project for Open Container Standards"</a>. opencontainers.org. June 22, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opencontainers.org/pressrelease/">the original</a> on August 13, 2015. Retrieved June 24, 2015.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFNeil_McAllister2015" class="citation web cs1">Neil McAllister (July 22, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/07/22/open_container_status_update/">"Open Container Project renames, says standard is just weeks away: Linux Foundation, Docker and friends opt for Open Container Initiative"</a>. <a href="The_Register" title="The Register">The Register</a>. Retrieved January 29, 2016.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140214143636/https://coreos.com/using-coreos/systemd/">"CoreOS documentation: Using systemd with CoreOS"</a>. coreos.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coreos.com/using-coreos/systemd/">the original</a> on February 14, 2014. Retrieved February 13, 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-coreos-updates-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-coreos-updates_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-coreos-updates_36-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140214150559/https://coreos.com/using-coreos/updates/">"CoreOS documentation: Updates & patches"</a>. coreos.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coreos.com/using-coreos/updates/">the original</a> on February 14, 2014. Retrieved February 27, 2015.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-activestate-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-activestate_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-activestate_37-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFPhil_Whelan2013" class="citation web cs1">Phil Whelan (August 28, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150224184727/http://www.activestate.com/blog/2013/08/alex-polvi-explains-coreos">"Alex Polvi Explains CoreOS"</a>. activestate.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.activestate.com/blog/2013/08/alex-polvi-explains-coreos">the original</a> on February 24, 2015. Retrieved May 7, 2015.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coreos.com/docs/cluster-management/scaling/adding-disk-space/">"CoreOS documentation: Adding disk space to your CoreOS machine"</a>. coreos.com. Retrieved February 27, 2015.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFAlex_Polvi2014" class="citation web cs1">Alex Polvi (March 27, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coreos.com/blog/new-filesystem-btrfs-cloud-config/">"Major Update: btrfs, Docker 0.9, add users, writable /etc, and more!"</a>. coreos.com. Retrieved February 27, 2015.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150622162656/http://www.centurylinklabs.com/interviews/simple-introduction-to-coreos-with-ceo-alex-polvi-and-cto-brandon-philips/">"Simple Introduction to CoreOS with CEO Alex Polvi and CTO Brandon Philips"</a>. centurylinklabs.com. June 6, 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centurylinklabs.com/interviews/simple-introduction-to-coreos-with-ceo-alex-polvi-and-cto-brandon-philips/">the original</a> on June 22, 2015. Retrieved June 22, 2015.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coreos.com/docs/cluster-management/setup/update-strategies/">"CoreOS documentation: Update strategies"</a>. coreos.com. Retrieved April 17, 2015.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/coreos/locksmith/blob/master/README.md">"coreos/locksmith: locksmith/README.md at master"</a>. github.com. February 1, 2015. Retrieved April 17, 2015.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/coreos/locksmith/blob/master/LICENSE">"coreos/locksmith: locksmith/LICENSE at master"</a>. github.com. January 19, 2014. Retrieved April 17, 2015.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://code.google.com/p/omaha/">"Omaha – software installer and auto-updater for Windows"</a>. code.google.com. Retrieved October 11, 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090506062328/http://omaha.googlecode.com/svn/wiki/OmahaOverview.html">"Omaha Overview"</a>. omaha.googlecode.com. September 23, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://omaha.googlecode.com/svn/wiki/OmahaOverview.html">the original</a> on May 6, 2009. Retrieved October 11, 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://godoc.org/github.com/coreos/go-omaha/omaha">"Package omaha"</a>. godoc.org. June 24, 2014. Retrieved July 4, 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coreos.com/products/coreupdate/">"CoreOS documentation: CoreUpdate"</a>. coreos.com. Retrieved July 4, 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFMark_Moudy2014" class="citation web cs1">Mark Moudy (May 16, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/MarkMoudy/coreos-docker-CI-demo">"CoreOS + Docker Development Environment Demo"</a>. github.com. Retrieved April 16, 2015.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-lwn-617452-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lwn-617452_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lwn-617452_49-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFJonathan_Corbet2014" class="citation web cs1">Jonathan Corbet (October 22, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lwn.net/Articles/617452/">"Etcd and fleet"</a>. <a href="LWN.net" title="LWN.net">LWN.net</a>. Retrieved June 22, 2015.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coreos.com/using-coreos/etcd/">"CoreOS documentation: Using etcd with CoreOS"</a>. coreos.com. Retrieved February 13, 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coreos.com/docs/cluster-management/setup/getting-started-with-etcd/">"CoreOS documentation: Getting started with etcd"</a>. coreos.com. Retrieved February 13, 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBrandon_Philips2014" class="citation web cs1">Brandon Philips (January 15, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://speakerdeck.com/philips/etcd-at-gosf">"etcd @ GoSF"</a>. speakerdeck.com. Retrieved February 13, 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFWood" class="citation web cs1">Wood, Josh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coreos.com/blog/migrating-from-fleet-to-kubernetes.html">"Container orchestration: Moving from fleet to Kubernetes"</a>. coreos..com. CoreOS.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFJustin_Ellingwood2014" class="citation web cs1">Justin Ellingwood (September 12, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-use-fleet-and-fleetctl-to-manage-your-coreos-cluster">"How To Use Fleet and Fleetctl to Manage your CoreOS Cluster"</a>. digitalocean.com. Retrieved June 22, 2015.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coreos.com/docs/launching-containers/launching/launching-containers-fleet/">"CoreOS documentation: Launching containers with fleet"</a>. coreos.com. Retrieved April 3, 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coreos.com/docs/launching-containers/launching/fleet-using-the-client/">"CoreOS documentation: Using the client"</a>. coreos.com. Retrieved April 3, 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/coreos/fleet/blob/master/README.md">"coreos/fleet: fleet/README.md at master"</a>. github.com. February 18, 2014. Retrieved April 3, 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/coreos/fleet/blob/master/Documentation/deployment-and-configuration.md">"coreos/fleet: fleet/Documentation/deployment-and-configuration.md at master (Deploying fleet)"</a>. github.com. April 14, 2015. Retrieved April 17, 2015.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/coreos/fleet/blob/master/Documentation/api-v1.md">"coreos/fleet: fleet/Documentation/api-v1.md (fleet API v1)"</a>. github.com. October 29, 2014. Retrieved April 17, 2015.</cite>

</li>

<cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/coreos/fleet/blob/master/LICENSE">"coreos/fleet: fleet/LICENSE at master"</a>. github.com. February 6, 2014. Retrieved April 3, 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coreos.com/docs/running-coreos/bare-metal/installing-to-disk/">"CoreOS documentation: Installing CoreOS to disk"</a>. coreos.com. Retrieved February 13, 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coreos.com/docs/running-coreos/bare-metal/booting-with-pxe/">"CoreOS documentation: Booting CoreOS via PXE"</a>. coreos.com. Retrieved February 13, 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coreos.com/docs/running-coreos/bare-metal/booting-with-ipxe/">"CoreOS documentation: Booting CoreOS via iPXE"</a>. coreos.com. Retrieved February 13, 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFAlex_Crawford2014" class="citation web cs1">Alex Crawford (September 5, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coreos.com/blog/digital-ocean-supports-coreos/">"CoreOS Image Now Available On DigitalOcean"</a>. coreos.com. Retrieved September 5, 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFJack_Clark2014" class="citation web cs1">Jack Clark (May 23, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2014/05/23/google_loads_coreos_onto_its_cloud/">"Google brings futuristic Linux software CoreOS onto its cloud"</a>. <a href="The_Register" title="The Register">The Register</a>. Retrieved May 26, 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFAlex_Crawford2014" class="citation web cs1">Alex Crawford (October 20, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coreos.com/blog/coreos-available-on-azure/">"CoreOS Now Available On Microsoft Azure"</a>. coreos.com. Retrieved October 22, 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFSteven_J._Vaughan-Nichols2015" class="citation news cs1">Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols (April 6, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/coreos-is-bringing-googles-kubernetes-to-the-enterprise/">"CoreOS is bringing Google's Kubernetes to the enterprise"</a>. <a href="ZDNet" class="mw-redirect" title="ZDNet">ZDNet</a>. Retrieved April 29, 2015.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBen_Kepes2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Ben Kepes (April 6, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/benkepes/2015/04/06/coreos-and-google-make-their-defensive-plays-is-docker-the-victim/">"CoreOS And Google Make Their Defensive Plays, Is Docker The Victim?"</a>. <a href="Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a>. Retrieved April 29, 2015.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFEugene_Yakubovich2014" class="citation web cs1">Eugene Yakubovich (August 28, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coreos.com/blog/introducing-rudder/">"Introducing flannel: An etcd-backed overlay network for containers"</a>. coreos.com. Retrieved June 22, 2015.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slideshare.net/lorispack/using-coreos-flannel-for-docker-networking">"Tutorial on using CoreOS Flannel for Docker"</a>. slideshare.net. November 2014. Retrieved June 22, 2015.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFRosoff2018" class="citation web cs1">Rosoff, Matt (January 30, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2018/01/30/red-hat-buys-coreos-for-250-mililon.html">"Red Hat pays $250 million for CoreOS, a start-up that sells Google-developed technology"</a>. CNBC. Retrieved June 6, 2019.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coreos.com/blog/fedora-coreos-red-hat-coreos-and-future-container-linux">"Fedora CoreOS, Red Hat CoreOS, and the future of Container Linux | CoreOS"</a>. coreos.com. Retrieved June 6, 2019.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kinvolk.io/blog/2018/03/announcing-the-flatcar-linux-project/">"Announcing the Flatcar Linux project | Kinvolk"</a>. kinvolk.io. March 6, 2018. Retrieved June 6, 2019.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kinvolk.io/blog/2019/05/introducing-the-flatcar-linux-edge-channel/">"Introducing the Flatcar Linux Edge Channel | Kinvolk"</a>. kinvolk.io. May 15, 2019. Retrieved June 6, 2019.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lwn.net/Articles/593928/">CoreOS: A different kind of Linux distribution [LWN.net]</a>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .infobox .side-box{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="side-box side-box-right sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>

<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:CoreOS" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:CoreOS">CoreOS</a>.</div></div>

</div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fedoraproject.org/coreos/">Official website</a> and <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a> source code repositories: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/coreos">CoreOS</a> , <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/coreos/etcd">etcd</a> , <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/coreos/fleet">fleet</a> , <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/coreos/rkt">rkt</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/coreos/coreos-overlay">CoreOS-overlay</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=CoreOS">CoreOS</a> at <a href="DistroWatch" title="DistroWatch">DistroWatch</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sebastien-han.fr/blog/2013/09/03/first-glimpse-at-coreos/">First glimpse at CoreOS</a>, September 3, 2013, by Sébastien Han</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/coreos-linux-for-the-cloud-and-the-datacenter/">CoreOS: Linux for the cloud and the datacenter</a>, <a href="ZDNet" class="mw-redirect" title="ZDNet">ZDNet</a>, July 2, 2014, by Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infoworld.com/article/2692889/coreos-an-existential-threat-to-linux-vendors.html">What's CoreOS? An existential threat to Linux vendors</a>, <a href="InfoWorld" title="InfoWorld">InfoWorld</a>, October 9, 2014, by Matt Asay</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecloudcast.net/2015/03/the-cloudcast-180-understanding-coreos.html">Understanding CoreOS distributed architecture</a>, March 4, 2015, a talk to Alex Polvi by Aaron Delp and Brian Gracely</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/coreos/fleet/blob/master/Documentation/architecture.md">CoreOS fleet architecture</a>, August 26, 2014, by Brian Waldon et al.</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cloudplatform.googleblog.com/2014/05/official-coreos-images-are-now-available-on-google-compute-engine.html">Running CoreOS on Google Compute Engine</a>, May 23, 2014</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=CoreOS-Btrfs-To-EXT4-OverlayFS">CoreOS moves from Btrfs to Ext4 + OverlayFS</a>, <a href="Phoronix" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoronix">Phoronix</a>, January 18, 2015, by Michael Larabel</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lwn.net/Articles/646054/">Containers and persistent data</a>, <a href="LWN.net" title="LWN.net">LWN.net</a>, May 28, 2015, by Josh Berkus</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flatcar-linux.org/">Flatcar Container Linux</a></li></ul>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Linux_distributions729" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div id="Linux_distributions729" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Linux_distribution" title="Linux distribution">Linux distributions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="LineageOS13" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="LineageOS" title="LineageOS">LineageOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="CalyxOS" title="CalyxOS">CalyxOS</a></li>

<li><a href="CrDroid" title="CrDroid">CrDroid</a></li>

<li><a href="Iod%C3%A9OS" title="IodéOS">iodéOS</a></li>

<li><a href="Replicant_(operating_system)" title="Replicant (operating system)">Replicant</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

<ul><li><a href="Android-x86" title="Android-x86">Android-x86</a></li>

<li><a href="Android-x86#Project_Celadon" title="Android-x86">Celadon</a></li>

<li><a href="ColorOS" title="ColorOS">ColorOS</a></li>

<li><a href="GrapheneOS" title="GrapheneOS">GrapheneOS</a></li>

<li><a href="Paranoid_Android_(operating_system)" title="Paranoid Android (operating system)">Paranoid Android</a></li>

<li><a href="Resurrection_Remix_OS" title="Resurrection Remix OS">Resurrection Remix OS</a></li>

<li><a href="OmniROM" title="OmniROM">OmniROM</a></li>

<li><a href="Xiaomi_HyperOS" title="Xiaomi HyperOS">Xiaomi HyperOS</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Arch_Linux" title="Arch Linux">Arch</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="ArchBang" title="ArchBang">ArchBang</a></li>

<li><a href="Artix_Linux" title="Artix Linux">Artix</a></li>

<li><a href="BlackArch" title="BlackArch">BlackArch</a></li>

<li><a href="EndeavourOS" title="EndeavourOS">EndeavourOS</a></li>

<li><a href="Frugalware_Linux" title="Frugalware Linux">Frugalware</a></li>

<li><a href="Garuda_Linux" title="Garuda Linux">Garuda</a></li>

<li><a href="Hyperbola_GNU/Linux-libre" title="Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre">Hyperbola GNU</a></li>

<li><a href="LinHES" title="LinHES">LinHES</a></li>

<li><a href="Manjaro" title="Manjaro">Manjaro</a></li>

<li><a href="Parabola_GNU/Linux-libre" title="Parabola GNU/Linux-libre">Parabola GNU</a></li>

<li><a href="SteamOS" title="SteamOS">SteamOS</a> (3.0 onwards)</li>

<li><a href="SystemRescue" title="SystemRescue">SystemRescue</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ubuntu10" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Official: <a href="Edubuntu" title="Edubuntu">Edubuntu</a></li>

<li><a href="Kubuntu" title="Kubuntu">Kubuntu</a></li>

<li><a href="Lubuntu" title="Lubuntu">Lubuntu</a></li>

<li><a href="Ubuntu_Budgie" title="Ubuntu Budgie">Ubuntu Budgie</a></li>

<li><a href="Ubuntu_Cinnamon" title="Ubuntu Cinnamon">Ubuntu Cinnamon</a></li>

<li><a href="Ubuntu_Kylin" title="Ubuntu Kylin">Ubuntu Kylin</a></li>

<li><a href="Ubuntu_MATE" title="Ubuntu MATE">Ubuntu MATE</a></li>

<li><a href="Ubuntu_Studio" title="Ubuntu Studio">Ubuntu Studio</a></li>

<li><a href="Ubuntu_Unity" title="Ubuntu Unity">Ubuntu Unity</a></li>

<li><a href="Xubuntu" title="Xubuntu">Xubuntu</a></li></ul>

<ul><li>Derivatives: <a href="BackBox" title="BackBox">BackBox</a></li>

<li><a href="Bodhi_Linux" title="Bodhi Linux">Bodhi Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="Elementary_OS" title="Elementary OS">elementary OS</a></li>

<li><a href="Emmabunt%C3%BCs" title="Emmabuntüs">Emmabuntüs</a></li>

<li><a href="Freespire" title="Freespire">Freespire</a></li>

<li><a href="Linux_Lite" title="Linux Lite">Linux Lite</a></li>

<li><a href="Linux_Mint" title="Linux Mint">Linux Mint</a></li>

<li><a href="Peppermint_OS" title="Peppermint OS">Peppermint OS</a></li>

<li><a href="Trisquel" title="Trisquel">Trisquel</a></li>

<li><a href="Ubuntu_Touch" title="Ubuntu Touch">Ubuntu Touch</a></li>

<li><a href="Winux" title="Winux">Winux</a></li>

<li><a href="Zorin_OS" title="Zorin OS">Zorin OS</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

<ul><li><a href="AntiX" title="AntiX">antiX</a></li>

<li><a href="Astra_Linux" title="Astra Linux">Astra</a></li>

<li><a href="Bharat_Operating_System_Solutions" title="Bharat Operating System Solutions">Bharat Operating System Solutions</a></li>

<li><a href="BlankOn_Linux" title="BlankOn Linux">BlankOn Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="Commodore_OS" title="Commodore OS">Commodore OS</a></li>

<li><a href="Damn_Small_Linux" title="Damn Small Linux">Damn Small Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="Deepin" title="Deepin">deepin</a></li>

<li><a href="Devuan" title="Devuan">Devuan</a></li>

<li><a href="Elive" title="Elive">Elive</a></li>

<li><a href="Endless_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="Endless OS">Endless OS</a></li>

<li><a href="FreedomBox" title="FreedomBox">FreedomBox</a></li>

<li><a href="Kanotix" title="Kanotix">Kanotix</a></li>

<li><a href="Knoppix" title="Knoppix">Knoppix</a></li>

<li><a href="MX_Linux" title="MX Linux">MX Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="Parrot_OS" title="Parrot OS">Parrot OS</a></li>

<li><a href="PureOS" title="PureOS">PureOS</a></li>

<li><a href="Raspberry_Pi_OS" title="Raspberry Pi OS">Raspberry Pi OS</a></li>

<li><a href="SparkyLinux" title="SparkyLinux">SparkyLinux</a></li>

<li><a href="SolydXK" title="SolydXK">SolydXK</a></li>

<li><a href="Tails_(operating_system)" title="Tails (operating system)">Tails</a></li>

<li><a href="Tizen" title="Tizen">Tizen</a></li>

<li><a href="TrueNAS" title="TrueNAS">TrueNAS</a></li>

<li><a href="Whonix" title="Whonix">Whonix</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Fedora_Linux" title="Fedora Linux">Fedora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="CentOSStream35" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="CentOS_Stream" title="CentOS Stream">CentOS Stream</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="AlmaLinux" title="AlmaLinux">AlmaLinux</a></li>

<li><a href="EulerOS" title="EulerOS">EulerOS</a></li>

<li><a href="Miracle_Linux" title="Miracle Linux">Miracle Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="Oracle_Linux" title="Oracle Linux">Oracle Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux" title="Red Hat Enterprise Linux">Red Hat Enterprise Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="Rocky_Linux" title="Rocky Linux">Rocky Linux</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

<ul><li><a href="Asahi_Linux" title="Asahi Linux">Asahi Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="Bazzite_(operating_system)" title="Bazzite (operating system)">Bazzite</a></li>

<li><a href="Network_Security_Toolkit" title="Network Security Toolkit">Network Security Toolkit</a></li>

<li><a href="Nobara_(operating_system)" title="Nobara (operating system)">Nobara</a></li>

<li><a href="Qubes_OS" title="Qubes OS">Qubes OS</a></li>

<li><a href="Sailfish_OS" title="Sailfish OS">Sailfish OS</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Gentoo_Linux" title="Gentoo Linux">Gentoo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Calculate_Linux" title="Calculate Linux">Calculate Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="ChromiumOS" title="ChromiumOS">ChromiumOS</a> (<a href="ChromeOS" title="ChromeOS">ChromeOS</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Pentoo" title="Pentoo">Pentoo</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mandrake_Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandrake Linux">Mandrake</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ALT_Linux" title="ALT Linux">ALT Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="PCLinuxOS" title="PCLinuxOS">PCLinuxOS</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mandriva_Linux" title="Mandriva Linux">Mandriva</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mageia" title="Mageia">Mageia</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenMandriva_Lx" title="OpenMandriva Lx">OpenMandriva Lx</a></li>

<li><a href="ROSA_Linux" title="ROSA Linux">ROSA Linux</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Slackware" title="Slackware">Slackware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Austrumi_Linux" title="Austrumi Linux">Austrumi Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="Porteus_(operating_system)" title="Porteus (operating system)">Porteus</a></li>

<li><a href="Salix_OS" title="Salix OS">Salix OS</a></li>

<li><a href="Zenwalk" title="Zenwalk">Zenwalk</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="SUSE_Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="SUSE Linux">SUSE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="OpenSUSE" title="OpenSUSE">openSUSE</a>

<ul><li><a href="SUSE_Linux_Enterprise" title="SUSE Linux Enterprise">SUSE Linux Enterprise</a>

<ul><li><a href="Open_Enterprise_Server" title="Open Enterprise Server">Open Enterprise Server</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="GeckoLinux" title="GeckoLinux">GeckoLinux</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="4MLinux" title="4MLinux">4MLinux</a></li>

<li><a href="Alpine_Linux" title="Alpine Linux">Alpine</a></li>

<li><a href="CHAOS_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="CHAOS (operating system)">CHAOS</a></li>

<li><a href="Chimera_Linux" title="Chimera Linux">Chimera Linux</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Kwort_Linux" title="Kwort Linux">Kwort</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="GoboLinux" title="GoboLinux">GoboLinux</a></li>

<li><a href="KaiOS" title="KaiOS">KaiOS</a></li>

<li><a href="NixOS" title="NixOS">NixOS</a></li>

<li><a href="Puppy_Linux" title="Puppy Linux">Puppy</a></li>

<li><a href="Source_Mage" title="Source Mage">Source Mage</a></li>

<li><a href="Solus_(operating_system)" title="Solus (operating system)">Solus</a></li>

<li><a href="Tiny_Core_Linux" title="Tiny Core Linux">Tiny Core Linux</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="CyanogenMod" title="CyanogenMod">CyanogenMod</a></li>

<li><a href="Cherry_OS_(operating_system)" title="Cherry OS (operating system)">Cherry OS</a></li>

<li><a href="DivestOS" title="DivestOS">DivestOS</a></li>

<li><a href="PixelExperience" title="PixelExperience">PixelExperience</a></li>

<li><a href="Remix_OS" title="Remix OS">Remix OS</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Arch_Linux" title="Arch Linux">Arch</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ArchLabs" title="ArchLabs">ArchLabs</a></li>

<li><a href="Antergos" title="Antergos">Antergos</a></li>

<li><a href="Chakra_(operating_system)" title="Chakra (operating system)">Chakra</a></li></ul>

<ul><li>Ubuntu: <a href="Asturix" title="Asturix">Asturix</a></li>

<li><a href="Black_Lab_Linux" title="Black Lab Linux">Black Lab Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="Cub_Linux" title="Cub Linux">Cub Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="Gobuntu" title="Gobuntu">Gobuntu</a></li>

<li><a href="Linux_Caixa_M%C3%A1gica" title="Linux Caixa Mágica">Linux Caixa Mágica</a></li>

<li><a href="LinuxTLE" title="LinuxTLE">LinuxTLE</a></li>

<li><a href="LXLE_Linux" title="LXLE Linux">LXLE Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="Pinguy_OS" title="Pinguy OS">Pinguy OS</a></li>

<li><a href="Sabily" title="Sabily">Sabily</a></li>

<li><a href="Ubuntu_GNOME" title="Ubuntu GNOME">Ubuntu GNOME</a></li></ul>

<ul><li>Other derivatives: <a href="BackTrack" title="BackTrack">BackTrack</a></li>

<li><a href="Corel_Linux" title="Corel Linux">Corel Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="CrunchBang_Linux" title="CrunchBang Linux">CrunchBang Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="DoudouLinux" title="DoudouLinux">DoudouLinux</a></li>

<li><a href="Dreamlinux" title="Dreamlinux">Dreamlinux</a></li>

<li><a href="Feather_Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="Feather Linux">Feather Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="GNewSense" title="GNewSense">gNewSense</a></li>

<li><a href="HandyLinux" title="HandyLinux">HandyLinux</a></li>

<li><a href="Kaisen_Linux" title="Kaisen Linux">Kaisen</a></li>

<li><a href="Libranet" title="Libranet">Libranet</a></li>

<li><a href="Musix_GNU%2BLinux" title="Musix GNU+Linux">Musix GNU+Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="Parsix" title="Parsix">Parsix</a></li>

<li><a href="SteamOS" title="SteamOS">SteamOS</a> (1.0–2.0)</li>

<li><a href="Sunwah_Linux" title="Sunwah Linux">Sunwah Linux</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Gentoo_Linux" title="Gentoo Linux">Gentoo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul>

<li><a href="Sabayon_Linux" title="Sabayon Linux">Sabayon Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="XB_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="XB Machine">xB Machine</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Red_Hat_Linux" title="Red Hat Linux">Red Hat</a>, <a href="Fedora_Linux" title="Fedora Linux">Fedora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="BLAG_Linux_and_GNU" title="BLAG Linux and GNU">BLAG Linux and GNU</a></li>

<li><a href="CentOS" title="CentOS">CentOS</a></li>

<li><a href="ClearOS" title="ClearOS">ClearOS</a></li>

<li><a href="Linpus_Linux" title="Linpus Linux">Linpus Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="Korora_(operating_system)" title="Korora (operating system)">Korora</a></li>

<li><a href="Linux_for_PlayStation_2" title="Linux for PlayStation 2">Linux for PlayStation 2</a></li>

<li><a href="Scientific_Linux" title="Scientific Linux">Scientific Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="Red_Hat_Linux" title="Red Hat Linux">Red Hat Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="Rocks_Cluster_Distribution" title="Rocks Cluster Distribution">Rocks Cluster Distribution</a></li>

<li><a href="Think_Blue_Linux" title="Think Blue Linux">Think Blue Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="Turbolinux" title="Turbolinux">Turbolinux</a></li>

<li><a href="Vine_Linux" title="Vine Linux">Vine Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="Yellow_Dog_Linux" title="Yellow Dog Linux">Yellow Dog Linux</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Absolute_Linux" title="Absolute Linux">Absolute Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="BioSLAX" title="BioSLAX">BioSLAX</a></li>

<li><a href="Damn_Vulnerable_Linux" title="Damn Vulnerable Linux">Damn Vulnerable Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="KateOS" title="KateOS">KateOS</a></li>

<li><a href="Kongoni_(operating_system)" title="Kongoni (operating system)">Kongoni</a></li>

<li><a href="NimbleX" title="NimbleX">NimbleX</a></li>

<li><a href="Platypux" title="Platypux">Platypux</a></li>

<li><a href="TopologiLinux" title="TopologiLinux">TopologiLinux</a></li>

<li><a href="VectorLinux" title="VectorLinux">VectorLinux</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="SUSE_Studio" title="SUSE Studio">SUSE Studio</a> Express</li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Caldera_OpenLinux" title="Caldera OpenLinux">Caldera OpenLinux</a></li>

<li><a href="Clear_Linux_OS" title="Clear Linux OS">Clear Linux OS</a></li>

<li><a href="DemoLinux" title="DemoLinux">DemoLinux</a></li>

<li><a href="Dragora_GNU/Linux-Libre" title="Dragora GNU/Linux-Libre">Dragora</a></li>

<li><a href="Familiar_Linux" title="Familiar Linux">Familiar Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="Firefox_OS" title="Firefox OS">Firefox OS</a>

<li><a href="Floppyfw" title="Floppyfw">Floppyfw</a></li>

<li><a href="Foresight_Linux" title="Foresight Linux">Foresight Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="Immunix" title="Immunix">Immunix</a></li>

<li><a href="Jurix" title="Jurix">Jurix</a></li>

<li><a href="Linux_Router_Project" title="Linux Router Project">Linux Router Project</a></li>

<li><a href="MCC_Interim_Linux" title="MCC Interim Linux">MCC Interim Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="MeeGo" title="MeeGo">MeeGo</a>

<li><a href="Mobilinux" title="Mobilinux">Mobilinux</a></li>

<li><a href="Nitix" title="Nitix">Nitix</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenELEC" title="OpenELEC">OpenELEC</a></li>

<li><a href="Softlanding_Linux_System" title="Softlanding Linux System">Softlanding Linux System</a></li>

<li><a href="Splashtop_OS" title="Splashtop OS">Splashtop OS</a></li>

<li><a href="Turkix" title="Turkix">Turkix</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<li> <a href="Comparison_of_Linux_distributions" title="Comparison of Linux distributions">Comparison</a></li>

<li> <a href="Portal%3ALinux" title="Portal:Linux">Linux portal</a></li>

<li> Category</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Virtualization_software371" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Virtualization_software371" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Virtualization" title="Virtualization">Virtualization</a> software</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="Comparison_of_platform_virtualization_software" title="Comparison of platform virtualization software">Comparison of platform virtualization software</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Hardware_virtualization" title="Hardware virtualization">Hardware</a> (<a href="Hypervisor" title="Hypervisor">hypervisors</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Native</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Adaptive_Domain_Environment_for_Operating_Systems" title="Adaptive Domain Environment for Operating Systems">Adeos</a></li>

<li><a href="Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V">Hyper-V</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="OVirt" title="OVirt">oVirt</a></li>

<li>KubeVirt</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Oracle_VM_Server_for_SPARC" title="Oracle VM Server for SPARC">LDoms / Oracle VM Server for SPARC</a></li>

<li><a href="Logical_partition" title="Logical partition">Logical partition</a> (LPAR)</li>

<li><a href="LynxSecure" title="LynxSecure">LynxSecure</a></li>

<li><a href="PikeOS" title="PikeOS">PikeOS</a></li>

<li><a href="Proxmox_Virtual_Environment" title="Proxmox Virtual Environment">Proxmox VE</a></li>

<li><a href="SIMMON" title="SIMMON">SIMMON</a></li>

<li><a href="VMware_ESXi" title="VMware ESXi">VMware ESXi</a>

<ul><li><a href="VMware_vSphere" title="VMware vSphere">VMware vSphere</a></li>

<li><a href="VCloud_Air" title="VCloud Air">vCloud</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="VMware_Infrastructure" title="VMware Infrastructure">VMware Infrastructure</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="XenServer" class="mw-redirect" title="XenServer">XenServer</a></li>

<li><a href="XtratuM" title="XtratuM">XtratuM</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hosted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Basilisk_II" title="Basilisk II">Basilisk II</a></li>

<li><a href="Bochs" title="Bochs">Bochs</a></li>

<li><a href="Cooperative_Linux" title="Cooperative Linux">Cooperative Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="DOSBox" title="DOSBox">DOSBox</a></li>

<li><a href="DOSEMU" title="DOSEMU">DOSEMU</a></li>

<li><a href="PikeOS" title="PikeOS">PikeOS</a></li>

<li><a href="SheepShaver" title="SheepShaver">SheepShaver</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_on_Windows" title="Windows on Windows">Windows on Windows</a>

<ul><li><a href="Virtual_DOS_machine" title="Virtual DOS machine">Virtual DOS machine</a></li></ul></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bhyve" title="Bhyve">bhyve</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Virtual_Server" title="Microsoft Virtual Server">Microsoft Virtual Server</a></li>

<li><a href="Parallels_Workstation" title="Parallels Workstation">Parallels Workstation</a> (<a href="Parallels_Workstation_Extreme" title="Parallels Workstation Extreme">Extreme</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Parallels_Desktop_for_Mac" title="Parallels Desktop for Mac">Parallels Desktop for Mac</a></li>

<li><a href="Parallels_Server_for_Mac" class="mw-redirect" title="Parallels Server for Mac">Parallels Server for Mac</a></li>

<li><a href="PearPC" title="PearPC">PearPC</a></li>

<li><a href="VirtualBox" title="VirtualBox">VirtualBox</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_Iron" title="Virtual Iron">Virtual Iron</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_PC" title="Virtual PC">Virtual PC</a></li>

<li><a href="VMware_Fusion" title="VMware Fusion">VMware Fusion</a></li>

<li><a href="VMware_Server" title="VMware Server">VMware Server</a></li>

<li><a href="VMware_Workstation" title="VMware Workstation">VMware Workstation</a> (<a href="VMware_Workstation_Player" title="VMware Workstation Player">Player</a>)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ganeti" title="Ganeti">Ganeti</a></li>

<li><a href="System_Center_Virtual_Machine_Manager" title="System Center Virtual Machine Manager">System Center Virtual Machine Manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Virt-manager" title="Virt-manager">Virt-manager</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="OS-level_virtualization" title="OS-level virtualization">Operating system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">OS containers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="FreeBSD_jail" title="FreeBSD jail">FreeBSD jail</a></li>

<li>iCore Virtual Accounts</li>

<li><a href="Linux-VServer" title="Linux-VServer">Linux-VServer</a></li>

<li><a href="LXC" title="LXC">Linux Containers</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenVZ" title="OpenVZ">OpenVZ</a></li>

<li><a href="Solaris_Containers" title="Solaris Containers">Solaris Containers</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtuozzo_(company)#Software" title="Virtuozzo (company)">Virtuozzo</a></li>

<li><a href="Workload_Partitions" title="Workload Partitions">Workload Partitions</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Application containers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Docker_(software)" title="Docker (software)">Docker</a></li>

<li><a href="Podman" title="Podman">Podman</a></li>

<li><a href="Lmctfy" title="Lmctfy">lmctfy</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Virtual kernel architectures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Rump_kernel" title="Rump kernel">Rump kernel</a></li>

<li><a href="User-mode_Linux" title="User-mode Linux">User-mode Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="Vkernel" title="Vkernel">vkernel</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related kernel features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Solaris_Containers#Branded_zones" title="Solaris Containers">BrandZ</a></li>

<li><a href="Cgroups" title="Cgroups">cgroups</a></li>

<li><a href="Chroot" title="Chroot">chroot</a></li>

<li><a href="Linux_namespaces" title="Linux namespaces">namespaces</a></li>

<li><a href="Seccomp" title="Seccomp">seccomp</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orchestration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Amazon ECS</a></li>

<li><a href="Kubernetes" title="Kubernetes">Kubernetes</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenShift" title="OpenShift">OpenShift</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Desktop_virtualization" title="Desktop virtualization">Desktop</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Citrix_Virtual_Apps" title="Citrix Virtual Apps">Citrix Virtual Apps</a></li>

<li><a href="Citrix_Virtual_Desktops" title="Citrix Virtual Desktops">Citrix Virtual Desktops</a></li>

<li><a href="Remote_Desktop_Services" title="Remote Desktop Services">Remote Desktop Services</a></li>

<li><a href="VMware_Horizon" class="mw-redirect" title="VMware Horizon">VMware Horizon</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Application_virtualization" title="Application virtualization">Application</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ceedo" title="Ceedo">Ceedo</a></li>

<li><a href="Citrix_Virtual_Apps" title="Citrix Virtual Apps">Citrix Virtual Apps</a></li>

<li><a href="Dalvik_(software)" title="Dalvik (software)">Dalvik</a></li>

<li><a href="InstallFree" title="InstallFree">InstallFree</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_App-V" title="Microsoft App-V">Microsoft App-V</a></li>

<li><a href="Remote_Desktop_Services" title="Remote Desktop Services">Remote Desktop Services</a></li>

<li><a href="Symantec_Workspace_Virtualization" title="Symantec Workspace Virtualization">Symantec Workspace Virtualization</a></li>

<li><a href="Turbo_(software)" title="Turbo (software)">Turbo</a></li>

<li><a href="VMware_ThinApp" title="VMware ThinApp">VMware ThinApp</a></li>

<li><a href="ZeroVM" title="ZeroVM">ZeroVM</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Network_virtualization" title="Network virtualization">Network</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Distributed_Overlay_Virtual_Ethernet" title="Distributed Overlay Virtual Ethernet">Distributed Overlay Virtual Ethernet</a> (DOVE)</li>

<li><a href="Ethernet_VPN" title="Ethernet VPN">Ethernet VPN</a> (EVPN)</li>

<li><a href="Network_Virtualization_using_Generic_Routing_Encapsulation" title="Network Virtualization using Generic Routing Encapsulation">NVGRE</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_vSwitch" title="Open vSwitch">Open vSwitch</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_security_switch" title="Virtual security switch">Virtual security switch</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_Extensible_LAN" title="Virtual Extensible LAN">Virtual Extensible LAN</a> (VXLAN)</li>

<li><a href="Generic_Network_Virtualization_Encapsulation" title="Generic Network Virtualization Encapsulation">Generic Network Virtualization Encapsulation</a> (GENEVE)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="BlueStacks" title="BlueStacks">BlueStacks</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="List_of_emulators" title="List of emulators">List of emulators</a>, <a href="List_of_computer_system_emulators" title="List of computer system emulators">List of computer system emulators</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Linux_containers132" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Linux_containers132" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Linux containers</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="Operating-system-level_virtualization" class="mw-redirect" title="Operating-system-level virtualization">Operating-system-level virtualization</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Container host operating systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="Rancher_Labs" title="Rancher Labs">RancherOS</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Container engines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Docker_(software)" title="Docker (software)">Docker</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Container cluster managers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Apache_Mesos" title="Apache Mesos">Apache Mesos</a></li>

<li><a href="Kubernetes" title="Kubernetes">Kubernetes</a></li>

<li><a href="Rancher_Labs" title="Rancher Labs">Rancher</a></li>

<li>Nomad</li>

<li>Amazon EC2 Container Service</li>

<li>Docker UCP</li>

<li><a href="Docker_(software)#Tools" title="Docker (software)">Docker Swarm</a></li>

<li><a href="StackEngine" title="StackEngine">StackEngine</a></li>

<li>Tutum</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-23" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Container_Linux&oldid=1302031162">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>